Chin Tuck Against Resistance (CTAR): This exercise helps to strengthen the muscles used for swallowing. The patient performs a chin tuck against a resistance band or ball, which can help improve the movement of the throat muscles during swallowing.

Masako Maneuver: In this technique, the tongue is held between the teeth while swallowing. This exercise is intended to strengthen the throat muscles, although it’s generally recommended to perform this under the guidance of a speech-language pathologist to ensure it’s done correctly without risk of choking.

Effortful Swallow: This technique involves the patient consciously using more effort to swallow, which helps to strengthen the muscles and improve the swallowing function. It can be particularly helpful in cases where the swallow reflex has become weak.

Shaker Exercise: This involves lying flat and raising the head to look at the toes without raising the shoulders. Repeating this action several times in a session can help to strengthen the neck muscles, which are important for swallowing.

Mendelsohn Maneuver: This swallowing technique involves the patient consciously prolonging the elevation of the larynx by holding it at its highest position during swallowing. This can help improve the timing and strength of the swallow.

Hydration and Diet Adjustments: Ensuring adequate hydration can help maintain saliva production, which is crucial for initiating the swallow. Adjusting the texture of food—making it softer or modifying its consistency—can also significantly aid those

with swallowing difficulties.

Expiratory Muscle Strength Training (EMST): As mentioned earlier for voice therapy, EMST can also benefit swallowing by strengthening the muscles involved in coughing and clearing the throat, which are critical for preventing aspiration.

Thermal-Tactile Stimulation: This involves stimulating the throat with a cold stimulus, such as a cold spoon or ice chip, to increase sensory awareness in the throat and enhance the swallowing reflex.

Use of Positioning Techniques: Proper positioning during meals can significantly affect swallowing efficacy and safety. Sitting upright, slightly leaning forward, or other positions recommended by a speech-language pathologist can help facilitate a safe and more effective swallow.

Regular Practice and Therapy: Regularly engaging in these exercises as part of a therapy program under the supervision of a professional can ensure the techniques are performed correctly and safely, optimizing the benefits for swallowing health.